Administrative Information

Access Restrictions

Original Newspaper petitions in support of cutting off funds for integrated schools, 1959, are fragile and will not be served. Use photocopies.

Use Restrictions

There are no restrictions.

Preferred Citation

Warren   County   (Va.) Board of Supervisors Records, 1871-1959. Local government Records collection, Warren   County   Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.

Acquisition Information

These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Warren   County   in an undated accession.

Petitions and letters related to public School integration came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Warren   County   in 2002 under accession 39750.

Processing Information

Board of Supervisors records, 1887-1917 was originally described with the Warren   County   (Va.) Overseer of the Poor records, but was moved in 2024 to the Board of Supervisors' Record for better contextualization.

Warren   County   Board of Supervisors Petitions and Letters for and Against Public School Integration, February-March 1959 was originally described as a single along record, but was moved in 2024 to the Board of Supervisors' Record for better contextualization.

Encoded by Louise Jones, 2013; Updated by M. Mason, January 2024

Historical Information

Context for Record Type:

Board of Supervisors

The Board of Supervisors is the basic governing body of the county  . County   law (called ordinances) may also be passed by this board. This form of government came into existence with the state constitution of 1869 when the counties   were divided into a minimum of three townships each, with a popularly elected supervisor from each township. When the township system was abolished in 1875, the counties   were divided into magisterial districts. The Board of Supervisors are the current elected representatives of these districts and meet in regular monthly public sessions. The board's duties are fixed by statute and are primarily concerned with maintenance and construction of county   buildings and fiscal matters.

Until 1869 the county   court-controlled construction, alteration of, and maintenance of roads. The state constitution of 1869 created overseers of the roads and road boards which fell under the jurisdiction of the county's   board of supervisors.

Integration in Warren   County   Schools:

On May 17, 1954, the United States Supreme Court, in Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas, declared segregated schools unconstitutional. To circumvent the court's decision, the Virginia General Assembly embarked on a program of "Massive Resistance" and passed legislation under the guise of states' rights to uphold systems of white supremacy. Through massive resistance, white politicians enacted policies designed to close schools ordered to integrate. In late August 1959, Judge John Paul of the United States District for the Fourth Circuit ordered Black students to be admitted to Warren   County   High School in Front Royal, Va.

Judge Simon E. Sobeloff of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals heard the case on appeal but refused to overturn Judge Paul's order. Governor J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., placed the school under his control and ordered it closed as required by the massive resistance legislation. Thus, Warren   County   High School earned the distinction of being the first Virginia school closed under the massive resistance legislation. In January 1959, both the federal courts and the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals ruled that the massive resistance laws concerning the closing of schools violated the United States and Virginia constitutions.

Warren   County   High School reopened in late February, but with only twenty-two Black students in attendance; the white students remained in the private school established when the high school closed. Segregationists took this to mean that the majority of white residents desired segregated schools, and while some undoubtedly did, many parents refused to disrupt their children's education further by switching schools in mid-year. The segregationists circulated petitions asking the Board of Supervisors not to allocate funding for integrated schools for the 1959-1960 school term, but to no avail. In September 1959, white students returned to the now desegregated high school.

Locality History: Warren   County   was named for Joseph Warren  , the revolutionary patriot who sent Paul Revere and William Dawes on their famous rides and who was killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill. The county   was formed from Frederick and Shenandoah counties   in 1836.

Scope and Content

Warren   County   (Va.) Board of Supervisors Records, 1871-1959, contains Board of Road Commissioners Minutes, Description of Roads in Front Royal District, Plats and Surveys of Roads, Road Contract Book, Road Warrants, Toll Books, and Warrant Book.

Board of Supervisors records, 1887-1917, largely containing accounts allowed. These accounts contain financial statements concerning elections and polling locations, general accounts, medical expenses, "the poor," scalp claims, and sheep claims.

Board of "Road Commissioners Minutes, 1914-1915, which consists of minutes from the meetings of the Board of Road Commissioners (p. 1-4); accounts of the sale of toll tickets for 1917 January 22 -1918 June 20 (p. 140-142). Loose papers in the book include a plat and survey of a road, two road petitions, and a two page resolution.

Description of Roads in Front Royal District, 1883-1890, this volume gives a description of the condition of the roads.

Plats and Surveys of Roads, 1908-1924, this volume contains plats and surveys showing the location of roads in Warren   County  .

Road Contract Book, 1886-1905, which contains the contract for work to be done to the roads and bridges within Warren   County  .

Road Warrants, 1871-1910, consists of loose warrants, 1893-1910, (bills for the work done to the roads); and Warrant Book, 1871-1900, which is a volume containing bills for work done on the roads and bridges in Warren   County  .

Toll Books, 1916-1917, consists of four volumes (v. 1, v. 3, v. 4, and v. 5). These are the records of tolls paid to use a toll road or a toll bridge.

Petitions and letters related to Public School Integration, 1959 February-March, consisting of letters and petitions received by the Warren   County   Board of Supervisors from residents for and against public school integration. The letters, February and March 1959, primarily request the Board of Supervisors to adopt a normal school budget for the 1959-1960 school year and not close the public schools. Reasoning ranges from wanting free access to education, business and economic interests, patriotism, morality, and issues of equity. There is little in the letters representing any type of support for racial equality or empathy for Black students, but on the whole the letters represent the issue as maintaining access to a free education for white children. A letter from J. R. Orgain, Jr. asks the Board of Supervisors to cut off funds for integrated schools. This is the only letter representing this position.

The petitions are signed by residents who want to maintain segregated schools and do not want any money appropriated to operate integrated schools. These petitions are either printed forms or cut out from the newspaper in which they appeared as paid advertisements. The newspaper advertisement call for people to cut out the ad (opposing integration) and securing signatures in support which could then be sent to the court house. Also includes a newsletter, 1959 February 24, of the Warren   County   Committee for Public Schools clarifying why white students did not return to Warren   County   High School when the federal courts ordered the school re-opened and explaining that the remainder of the term would be substandard; and news clippings, 1959 March, from the Warren   Sentinel, regarding the petitions and an appeal from local clergy to keep the public schools open.

Arrangement

This collection is arranged

Related Material

Additional Warren   County   Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult "A Guide to Virginia County   and City Records on Microfilm."

Adjunct Descriptive Data